低氧对赤拟谷盗生长发育及抗氧化酶的影响

Effects of hypoxic treatment on the growth, development, and antioxidant enzyme activities of Tribolium castaneum

中文关键词:  低氧  赤拟谷盗  抗氧化酶  氧化应激

英文关键词:hypoxia  Tribolium castaneum  antioxidant enzymes  oxidative stress

中文摘要:

      为明确低氧环境对储粮害虫的生长发育影响及其耐受性的机制,本文以赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum)为研究对象,在 O2浓度为2%的试验条件下,对4种主要储粮害虫的低氧耐受性进行比较研究,并系统分析低氧对赤拟谷盗不同发育阶段、生殖能力及抗氧化酶活的影响。结果表明:不同害虫对低氧的耐受性差异显著,耐受性大小规律为赤拟谷盗 > 谷蠹 > 米象 > 锯谷盗。赤拟谷盗幼龄幼虫对低氧最为敏感,而成虫和蛹耐受性较强；低氧处理显著延缓老龄幼虫和蛹的发育进程,羽化高峰分别延迟5 d和6 d。低氧对雌虫产卵能力的抑制作用显著,且该效应具有可逆性。低氧诱导H2O2含量先升后降,在18 h达到峰值,而MDA含量随处理时间持续累积；同时,SOD、POD和CAT活性显著升高。结果说明了低氧处理后激发了过氧化氢等活性氧的增加,过氧化氢含量增加又激活了抗氧化酶活性,抗氧化系统被激活以应对氧化胁迫。综上,赤拟谷盗可通过调节抗氧化防御系统适应低氧环境,但仍伴随脂质过氧化损伤的逐步积累。本研究为充氮等气调绿色储粮技术参数优化及害虫低氧适应机制研究提供了理论依据。

英文摘要:

      This study investigated the physiological effects of hypoxia and its adaptive mechanisms in stored-grain insects. Tribolium castaneum was selected as the model species. A 2% O2 condition was applied to compare the hypoxia tolerance of four major stored-grain pests. The effects of hypoxia on different developmental stages, reproduction, and antioxidant system of T. castaneum were further analyzed. The results showed that hypoxia tolerance differed significantly among species, with the order: T. castaneum > Rhyzopertha dominica > Sitophilus oryzae > Oryzaephilus surinamensis. Young larvae of T. castaneum were the most sensitive to hypoxia, while adults and pupae showed higher tolerance. Hypoxia significantly delayed development, and the emergence peaks of late larvae and pupae were postponed by 5 d and 6 d, respectively. Reproductive assays indicated that hypoxia inhibited female fecundity more strongly than male reproduction, and this effect was reversible. Physiological analysis showed that H2O2 content increased initially and reached a peak at 18 h, then declined, while MDA content accumulated continuously over time. Meanwhile, the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT increased significantly, indicating that the antioxidant system was activated under hypoxia. In conclusion, T. castaneum adapts to hypoxia by enhancing its antioxidant defense system, but lipid peroxidation damage still accumulates. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing controlled atmosphere storage and understanding hypoxia adaptation in stored-grain pests.