高粱和玉米型猪饲粮的葡萄糖释放的动态差异

Dynamic differences in glucose release between sorghum-based and corn-based pig diets

中文关键词:  猪  高粱  葡萄糖释放  血糖动态变化

英文关键词:Pig  Sorghum  Blood glucose  Growth performance

中文摘要:

      本试验探究高粱和玉米型饲粮对生长猪的葡萄糖释放的动态差异。以黄玉米、低单宁白高粱和高单宁红高粱为主要能量来源，分别配制饲粮。首先，通过体外消化酶水解试验测定三种饲粮的葡萄糖释放量的差异。其次，将24头公猪随机分为3组(n=8)，分别饲喂三种饲粮，探究饲粮养分消化及其对猪血糖浓度的动态影响。与玉米相比，白高粱和红高粱体外酶解20 min葡萄糖释放量趋于降低(P=0.06)；酶解60~120 min，葡萄糖释放量显著降低(P<0.05)；酶解180~600 min，白高粱的葡萄糖释放量与玉米无显著差异，而红高粱仍显著降低(P<0.05)。红高粱养分的猪粪便排出量显著高于玉米和白高粱(P<0.05)，而全肠道表观消化率显著低于玉米和白高粱(P<0.05)。白高粱和红高粱趋于提高猪的空腹血糖浓度(P=0.07)，趋于降低血清尿素氮(P=0.08)和甘油三酯(P=0.09)的浓度。猪采食三种饲粮后的血糖浓度均随着时间延长而先升高后降低，但是血糖的动态变化模式存在差异；即玉米使猪血糖快速升高，采食后60 min达到峰值(4.63 mmol/L)，并维持至180 min，随后快速下降。而白高粱和红高粱对猪血糖动态变化的影响趋势类似，均为缓慢升高，采食后180 min达到峰值(4.67 mmol/L)，并维持至300 min。玉米的葡萄糖释放速率较快，猪采食后血糖快速响应，供能速度较快；白高粱的葡萄糖释放量接近玉米，但猪的血糖响应较慢，供能速度较慢；红高粱的血糖动态变化与白高粱相似，但其养分消化率低且粪便排放量增加。因此，虽然高粱替代玉米不影响猪的生长性能，但是应该关注高粱葡萄糖释放速率慢且养分消化率较低的产业应用问题。

英文摘要:

      This study investigated the dynamic differences in glucose release and postprandial glycemic response in pigs fed sorghum- or corn-based diets. Diets were formulated using yellow corn, low-tannin white sorghum, or high-tannin red sorghum as the primary energy source. In vitro enzymatic hydrolysis was first conducted to determine glucose release characteristics. Subsequently, twenty-four barrows were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments (n = 8 per group) to evaluate nutrient digestibility and postprandial blood glucose dynamics. Compared with the corn diet, both white and red sorghum showed a tendency to reduce glucose release at 20 min of hydrolysis (P = 0.06), and significantly lower glucose release at 60–120 min (P < 0.05). At 180–600 min, glucose release from white sorghum was comparable to corn, whereas that from red sorghum remained significantly lower (P< 0.05). Feeding red sorghum significantly increased fecal output and reduced apparent total tract digestibility (P< 0.05). White and red sorghum tended to increase fasting blood glucose (P = 0.07) and decrease serum urea nitrogen (P = 0.08) and triglycerides (P = 0.09). In pigs fed the three experimental diets, blood glucose concentrations rose initially and then declined over time, with distinct dynamic patterns observed among treatments., pigs fed corn exhibited a rapid rise in blood glucose, peaking at 60 min (4.63 mmol/L) and remaining elevated until 180 min, followed by a rapid decline. In contrast, sorghum diets induced a slower increase, with peak glucose observed at 180 min (4.67 mmol/L) and sustained until 300 min. Corn exhibits a faster energy supply rate in pigs, whereas white sorghum provides a similar total glucose release but with delayed glycemic dynamics, indicating a slower energy supply pattern. Red sorghum shows similar glycemic trends but lower nutrient digestibility and increased fecal output. Although sorghum substitution does not impair growth performance, its slower glucose release rate and reduced nutrient utilization efficiency should be considered in practical applications.