基于废弃果皮的碳基固体酸制备及催化大豆油合成生物柴油工艺的研究

Research on the preparation of carbon-based solid acid from waste fruit peels and its catalytic process for biodiesel synthesis from soybean oil

中文关键词:  生物柴油  碳基固体酸  酯交换反应  响应面分析

英文关键词:biodiesel  carbon-based solid acid  transesterification  response surface analysis

中文摘要:

      以果皮（菠萝皮、甘蔗皮、柚子皮）或活性炭为原料，经碳化 - 磺化工艺合成4种绿色高效的碳基固体酸催化剂，采用FT-IR、XRD、BET和正丁胺电位滴定法表征其结构与性能，并系统考察其催化大豆油和甲醇酯交换制备生物柴油的活性。结果表明，该系列催化剂均具有一定的催化活性，其中菠萝皮衍生催化剂（PP-SAC）效果最优，归因于碳基材料的孔隙结构与适度酸性。以PP-SAC为催化剂，采用响应面分析法优化工艺参数，得出制备生物柴油的最佳条件为：醇油物质的量比18.5:1，催化剂量为大豆油质量的5.5%，反应温度136 ℃，反应时间15 h，此条件下生物柴油平均产率达96.7%，结果与模型预测值基本相符。

英文摘要:

      Four green and highly efficient carbon-based solid acid catalysts were synthesized from fruit peels (pineapple peel, sugarcane peel, and pomelo peel) or activated carbon through carbonization and sulfonation processes. Their structure and performance were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, BET, and n-butylamine potentiometric titration, and their catalytic activity in the transesterification of soybean oil and methanol to produce biodiesel was investigated. The results showed that all catalysts exhibited certain catalytic activity, with the pineapple peel-derived catalyst (PP-SAC) demonstrating the best performance, attributed to the porous structure and moderate acidity of the carbon-based material. Using PP-SAC as the catalyst, the process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions for biodiesel production were determined as follows: amount of substance of alcohol to oil 18.5:1, catalyst dosage 5.5% of soybean oil mass, reaction temperature 136 °C, and reaction time 15 h. Under these conditions, the average biodiesel yield reached 96.7%, which was in good agreement with the model prediction.