我国油料产后损失的界定与关键环节损失研究

Definition of post-harvest losses and key losses in handling processes of oil-bearing materials in China

中文关键词:  油料供给，油料产后系统，产后损失，收获，加工

英文关键词:Oil-bearing materials supply, post-harvest handing system for oil-bearing materials, post-harvest losses, harvest, processing

中文摘要:

      我国食用植物油对外依存度长期超70%，攥紧“油瓶子”是端牢“中国饭碗”的重要内容。近年来，我国大力挖掘油料扩种潜力持续提升国产油料产能，在耕地资源刚性约束下，油料产后减损已成为增加油料有效供给重要路径。然而，现有损失研究主要集中于水稻、小麦、玉米三大主粮及大豆，针对油菜、花生等典型油料的系统性研究仍不足，存在产后损失底数不清、口径不一、机理不明等突出问题。本文在系统梳理国内外粮食产后损失相关研究基础上，结合我国油菜、花生、大豆等典型油料的产后流通特征，对油料产后系统及产后损失概念进行辨析；分析我国油料产后关键环节的损失现状及政策演变，旨在为摸清我国油料产后损失底数、科学的开展油料产后减损工作提供参考。

英文摘要:

      China’s edible vegetable oil sector has historically relied heavily on imports, with an import dependency ratio exceeding 70%. As demand grows, enhancing the security of domestic oil supply has become an important component of national food security. In recent years, China has actively promoted the expansion of oil-bearing crops cultivation and steadily enhanced its domestic oilseed production capacity. Given constraints of limited arable land, reducing post-harvest losses of oil-bearing materials has become a crucial strategy for enhancing domestic oil availability. However, existing studies and policy initiatives have largely focused on the three major staple grains (rice, wheat, and maize), with comparatively limited attention given to oil-bearing materials beyond soybeans. As a result, the loss baselines remain poorly quantified, measurement protocols lack consistency, and loss mechanisms are poorly understood. Based on a comprehensive review of domestic and international research on post-harvest losses, this study analyzes the post-harvest circulation characteristics of typical oil-bearing materials—rapeseed, peanuts, and soybeans—and clarifies the concepts of post-harvest systems and losses. What’s more, the current loss status of key post-harvest handling processes for oil-bearing materials and policy evolution in China were studied. The analysis aims to provide a robust evidence-based references for accurately assessing the magnitude and distribution of post-harvest oil-bearing materials losses.