马六甲肉食螨防治嗜卷书虱实仓研究

Study on the control of booklice by Cheyletus malaccensis in actual warehouses

中文关键词:  马六甲肉食螨  嗜卷书虱  绿色储粮  生物防治

英文关键词:Cheyletus malaccensis  Liposcelis bostrychophila  green grain storage  biological control

中文摘要:

      本研究以储藏玉米的实仓为对象，评估了优势天敌马六甲肉食螨（Cheyletus malaccensis）对嗜卷书虱（Liposcelis bostrychophila）的防控应用效果。研究在同一库区选择结构独立的平房仓（044实验仓/043对照仓）和连通性较强的立筒仓（288实验仓/287对照仓）开展马六甲肉食螨连续投放与动态监测实验实验。结果表明，连续投放后，实验仓中均可持续检出马六甲肉食螨，说明其能够在玉米实仓粮面环境中存活并维持一定种群。044仓采用预防性投放策略，马六甲肉食螨密度由初期3头/kg升至峰值30头/kg，实现了监测期内嗜卷书虱零检出及全年免化学熏蒸，同期对照仓043书虱密度暴发至1 500头/kg。288仓首次投放时嗜卷书虱密度为100头/kg，投放约半个月后降至13头/kg，后续多数监测时点未再检出，捕食螨数量持续增加，同期对照仓287中嗜卷书虱密度总体较高。研究表明，马六甲肉食螨能在玉米实仓中建立种群，并对嗜卷书虱表现出较好的抑制潜力。该实仓应用结果表明，马六甲肉食螨天敌防控技术在粮仓嗜卷书虱绿色防控中具有较好的应用前景，有望在储粮周期内发挥生态、低碳和绿色长效的防控作用，并为储粮化学药剂减量使用提供支持。

英文摘要:

      To promote green control of stored-grain pests and reduce reliance on chemical pesticides, this study evaluated the practical biocontrol performance of the dominant natural enemy Cheyletus malaccensis against the booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophila in actual corn storage warehouses.Within the same depot, structurally independent flat warehouses (test warehouse 044/control warehouse 043) and highly interconnected silos (test silo 288/control silo 287) were selected to conduct continuous release and dynamic monitoring experiments of C. malaccensis.. The results showed that following continuous releases, C. malaccensis was consistently detected in both treatment warehouses, indicating its ability to survive and maintain stable populations on the grain surface in actual corn storage environments. In flat warehouse 044, where a preventive release strategy was employed, the density of C. malaccensis increased from an initial 3 individuals/kg to a peak of 30 individuals/kg, with L. bostrychophila remaining undetected throughout the monitoring period and no chemical fumigation being required during the entire storage year; in contrast, L. bostrychophila density in the corresponding control warehouse 043 increased to 1 500 individuals/kg. In silo 288, the initial density of L. bostrychophila was 100 individuals/kg at the first release, decreased to 13 individuals/kg approximately half a month later, and remained undetectable at most subsequent monitoring time points, while the C. malaccensis mite population continued to increase; concurrently, L. bostrychophila density in the control silo 287 remained generally high. These findings indicate that C. malaccensis can establish populations in actual corn storage warehouses and exhibits significant suppressive potential against L. bostrychophila. The practical application results indicate that this biocontrol technology using C. malaccensis holds promising prospects for the green management of L. bostrychophila in granaries. It is expected to provide ecological, low-carbon, and long-term pest control throughout the grain storage cycle, thereby supporting the reduction of chemical pesticide usage in grain storage.